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　　The hydraulic oil plays a role of transmitting pressure, lubricating, cooling and sealing in the hydraulic system. The improper selection of hydraulic oil is the main reason for the early failure and durability decline of the hydraulic system. There are different brands of hydraulic oil in the market, such as the hydraulic oil processed in small factories, the hydraulic oil refined after the recovery of waste oil, and the qualified high-quality hydraulic oil produced by the big manufacturers PetroChina and Sinopec.

　　At the same time of selecting hydraulic oil, first select the hydraulic oil according to the brand ratio specified in the operation manual. In case of using substitute oil in special circumstances, the performance shall be the same as that of the original brand.

　　Different brands of hydraulic oil can not be mixed to prevent chemical reaction and performance change of hydraulic oil. The dark brown, milky white and peculiar smell hydraulic oil is metamorphic oil and cannot be used. Mobil brand hydraulic oil is selected as the No. 46 anti-wear hydraulic oil on the market.

　　II. Add filtering system to prevent solid impurities from mixing into the hydraulic system.

　　Clean hydraulic oil is the life of hydraulic system.

　　There are many precise coupling parts in the hydraulic system, some have damping holes, some have gaps, etc. If the solid impurities intrude, it will cause the precise couple to be pulled, stuck and the oil passage to be blocked, endangering the safe operation of the hydraulic system. Generally, the ways of solid impurities invading the hydraulic system are: unclean hydraulic oil; unclean refueling tools; careless refueling and maintenance; hydraulic components desquamation, etc. Solid impurities can be prevented from invading the system from the following aspects:

　　1. When refueling:

　　The hydraulic oil must be filtered and filled, and the filling tools shall be reliable and clean. Do not remove the filter at the oil filler of the oil tank in order to improve the oil filling speed. Refueling personnel shall use clean gloves and work clothes to prevent solid and fiber impurities from falling into the oil.

　　2. Maintenance:

　　Remove the oil filling cover, filter cover, inspection hole, hydraulic oil pipe and other parts of the hydraulic oil tank, so as to avoid dust when the system oil channel is exposed. The removed parts shall be cleaned thoroughly before opening. For example, when removing the oil filler cap of the hydraulic oil tank, remove the mud around the cap, loosen the cap, remove the sundries left at the joint (do not wash with water to prevent water from seeping into the tank), and open the cap after cleaning.

　　If it is necessary to use the wiping materials and hammers, it is necessary to select the wiping materials that do not remove the fiber impurities and the special hammers with rubber attached to the striking surface. Hydraulic components and hydraulic rubber pipes shall be cleaned carefully and assembled after being dried by high-pressure air. Select the genuine filter element with good package (the inner package is damaged, although the filter element is intact, it may not be clean).

　　When changing oil, clean the filter at the same time. Before installing the filter element, carefully clean the dirt at the bottom of the filter housing with wiping materials.

　　3. Cleaning of hydraulic system:

　　The cleaning oil must be hydraulic oil with the same brand as the system. The oil temperature is between 45 ℃ and 80 ℃, and the impurities in the system shall be removed as much as possible with large flow. The hydraulic system shall be cleaned repeatedly for more than three times. After each cleaning, the system shall be fully discharged when the oil is hot. After cleaning, clean the filter, replace the filter element and fill in new oil.

　　3. Add air filter to prevent air and water from invading the hydraulic system.

　　1. Prevent air from invading the hydraulic system.

　　Under normal pressure and normal temperature, the hydraulic oil contains air with a volume ratio of 6-8%. When the pressure is reduced, the air will come out of the oil, and the air bubble will burst, causing "cavitation" of the hydraulic components, resulting in noise. A large amount of air entering into the oil will aggravate the phenomenon of "cavitation", increase the compressibility of the hydraulic oil, make the work unstable, reduce the work efficiency, and cause the "crawling" of the actuator.

　　In addition, air will oxidize the hydraulic oil and accelerate the deterioration of the oil. To prevent air intrusion, the following points should be noted:

　　(1) after maintenance and oil change, the air in the system shall be removed according to the operation manual before normal operation.

　　(2) the oil suction pipe orifice of the hydraulic oil pump shall not be exposed to the oil surface, and the oil suction pipe must be well sealed.

　　(3) the drive shaft of the oil pump shall be well sealed. When replacing the oil seal, the "double lip" genuine oil seal shall be used instead of the "single lip" oil seal, because the "single lip" oil seal can only seal oil unidirectionally and does not have the function of sealing gas.

　　2. Prevent water from invading the hydraulic system

　　The excessive moisture in the oil will make the hydraulic components rusted, the oil emulsion deteriorated, the strength of the lubricating oil film reduced and the mechanical wear accelerated. In addition to preventing water intrusion during maintenance, pay attention to tighten the cover when the oil storage barrel is not in use, and put it upside down; the oil with large water content shall be filtered for many times, and the dried filter paper shall be replaced every time after filtration. When there is no special instrument for detection, the oil can be dropped on the hot iron plate, and the oil can be filled only when there is no steam emerging and burning immediately.

　　IV. problems encountered by workers in operation and precautions in operation.

　　1. Soft and smooth mechanical operation

　　Rough operation shall be avoided in mechanical operation, otherwise impact load will inevitably occur, which will cause frequent mechanical failure and greatly shorten service life.

　　The impact load generated during operation, on the one hand, causes early wear, fracture and breakage of mechanical structure parts, on the other hand, causes impact pressure in the hydraulic system, and the impact pressure will cause damage of hydraulic components, premature failure of oil seal and high-pressure oil pipe joint and rubber pipe joint, oil leakage or pipe burst, frequent action of overflow valve and oil temperature rise.

　　There is another noteworthy problem: the operator should keep stable. Because the free clearance of the control system of each equipment is different, and the wear degree of the connecting parts is different, so the clearance is also different